FORUMS FORUMS






RLFANS.COM
Celebrating
25 years service to
the Rugby League
Community!
  
FORUMS > Wigan Warriors > Video Ref Forward Pass
21 posts in 2 pages 
<<   PREV  NEXT   >>
Subscribe | Moderators: Admin, DaveO , Wigan6/Leeds1 Andy , Bilko , Pemps
RankPostsTeam
International Star437No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Oct 201014 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Feb 2016Feb 2016LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
53181_1306080179.gif
:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_53181.gif



They now look at forward passes in RU. Surely we can do the same! They've just done 1 in the Wasp v Quins game and its just a normal angle they don't use any specific technology.

RankPostsTeam
Player Coach1529No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Aug 200618 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Jan 2024Jan 2024LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
27588.gif
"Games as big as a grand finals define individuals and clubs. Remember we are only renting these shirts, I had my time in Pat Richards shirt. Ellery and Faz had there time in Sean's, Hampo and Radders in Sam's. You have to make a mark in these shirts that's still there the day you hand it over to someone else. So be aware for 80 minutes you are not only playing but also writing history and creating a legacy. How many people get to actually write history, not many. A big stage demands big players, be inspired. You play for Wigan, now go do it. Good luck." - Martin Offiah, 2010.:27588.gif



They should have a chip in the balls, have it linked up to a device that the coaches can see on a laptop. Then they are allowed 1 challenge in each half against a decision. It wouldn't cost much and would solve a lot of issues

RankPostsTeam
International Star437No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Oct 201014 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Feb 2016Feb 2016LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
53181_1306080179.gif
:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_53181.gif



how would the chip say its forward or not?? how can you guarantee the chip won't be affect in some way when the ball is kicked??

RankPostsTeam
Player Coach1529No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Aug 200618 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Jan 2024Jan 2024LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
27588.gif
"Games as big as a grand finals define individuals and clubs. Remember we are only renting these shirts, I had my time in Pat Richards shirt. Ellery and Faz had there time in Sean's, Hampo and Radders in Sam's. You have to make a mark in these shirts that's still there the day you hand it over to someone else. So be aware for 80 minutes you are not only playing but also writing history and creating a legacy. How many people get to actually write history, not many. A big stage demands big players, be inspired. You play for Wigan, now go do it. Good luck." - Martin Offiah, 2010.:27588.gif



Quote: JCWWRL "how would the chip say its forward or not?? how can you guarantee the chip won't be affect in some way when the ball is kicked??'"


Well the technology would need to engineered so that a kick wouldn't affect it obviously. A chip with sensors in each corner and one above, would tell you the direction it has moved. As Hawkeye does. It would cost but we need to improve the game. Just an idea icon_smile.gif

Ant
RankPostsTeam
International Star72
JoinedServiceReputation
Mar 201014 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Dec 2023Jul 2015LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
50373_1269192201.jpg
:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_50373.jpg



You'd also need each player to have a chip as you'd need to know how the ball is passed in relation to the player. The ball can travel forward in relation to the ground but if it's backward in relation to the passing player then that isn't a forward pass. Thats the 'momentum rule' that Stevo harps on about icon_rolleyes.gif

RankPostsTeam
Player Coach1419No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Dec 200816 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Nov 2014Oct 2014LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
41801_1347868969.png
:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_41801.png



2 obvious options for me:

a) Watch normally and judge the pass how a ref judges a pass, by the hands not by the floor.

b) Overhead angle (or chipped ball etc), measure the velocity of the ball at the point when the pass starts, and the velocity when released. If the second is higher than the first the the ball has been passed forward. If the forward velocity is less than or equal then the ball has been passed flat/backwards. But this would be wrong with an accelerating player...that could factor in too by mapping acceleration too etc but somehow I doubt people would trust it...

Quote: Ant "You'd also need each player to have a chip as you'd need to know how the ball is passed in relation to the player. The ball can travel forward in relation to the ground but if it's backward in relation to the passing player then that isn't a forward pass. Thats the 'momentum rule' that Stevo harps on about
No it isn't, players have nothing to do with it. It's about the ball being passed backwards relative to the velocity it had before passing.

Ant
RankPostsTeam
International Star72
JoinedServiceReputation
Mar 201014 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Dec 2023Jul 2015LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
50373_1269192201.jpg
:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_50373.jpg



Quote: Bovrick "No it isn't, players have nothing to do with it. It's about the ball being passed backwards relative to the velocity it had before passing.'"


Afraid you're the one who's wrong there. Players have everything to do with it. Just read the RFL definition if you don't believe me. icon_biggrin.gif

RankPostsTeam
Club Coach2651No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Oct 200420 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Sep 2023Aug 2023LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
icons5b08_files/4206-1575glibber-msnicons.jpg
:icons5b08_files/4206-1575glibber-msnicons.jpg



I wouldn't bother looking at the hands because that only works if the player is running parallel with the touchline (which is rare). I can tell whether a pass is forward by simply looking at it. If it was borderline I would ignore it but I would be able to call all the blatant ones that the refs miss.

RankPostsTeam
International Star2079No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Oct 201113 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Jun 2023Jun 2023LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
64184_1321217004.jpg
[u:uqsh9cjt][b:uqsh9cjt][color=#0000FF:uqsh9cjt]Its ALWAYS our year[/color:uqsh9cjt][/b:uqsh9cjt][/u:uqsh9cjt] [color=#000000:uqsh9cjt]E[/color:uqsh9cjt][color=#FF0000:uqsh9cjt]s[/color:uqsh9cjt][color=#000000:uqsh9cjt]t[/color:uqsh9cjt].[color=#FF0000:uqsh9cjt]1[/color:uqsh9cjt][color=#000000:uqsh9cjt]8[/color:uqsh9cjt][color=#FF0000:uqsh9cjt]7[/color:uqsh9cjt][color=#000000:uqsh9cjt]6[/color:uqsh9cjt] [color=#0000FF:uqsh9cjt]Sent to me from heaven... You are my world.[/color:uqsh9cjt] 1876 - 2022 BUM BANGERS SINCE 2012:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_64184.jpg



Forward pass rule is always a tough one. Though there are many arguments for or against, I think we should keep it down to a referee decision. Yes they may not always spot it and it can have an influence on a game. But we have got on fine without it so far and though we get annoyed, all teams will have it their way at some point.

Carry on moaning as we are and we will have the VR judging the actual refs decisions. I think we should just get on with it, as annoying as it may be.

RankPostsTeam
Club Coach1030No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Oct 200420 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Dec 2014Nov 2014LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
10153.gif
:10153.gif



Quote: Bovrick "So a player who passes the ball flat/backwards whilst running, but is tackled when the ball is released passes it forwards, but a player who does the same and isn't tackled did not? Sorry I don't buy it. They've worded it badly (for a change) to explain momentum to idiots, that's my guess.'"


Don't know where you got that from, as I see no mention of tackled or not on that page. It talks about the relative positions of the passer and receiver only.

The bit I have issue with is this bit

The use of "invariably" (i.e. "always"icon_wink.gif for one option, and "rarely" for the other option means that there must be some occasions when a pass is both misjudgement and a deliberate offence! "Usually" or "normally" would be a better choice than "invariably" in that context.

RankPostsTeam
Club Owner12No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Jun 200321 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Jan 2013Sep 2012LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature

:



Isn't it rightthatForward position.

i.e.

if the player that eventually catches the ball was behind/level with the player passing the ball when the ball was thrown it is not a forward pass. (Stevo's momentum rule)

It is in fact the position of the players and not the flight of the ball that matters.

RankPostsTeam
Player Coach1419No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Dec 200816 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Nov 2014Oct 2014LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
41801_1347868969.png
:d7dc4b20b2c2dd7b76ac6eac29d5604e_41801.png



Quote: bikerpie "Don't know where you got that from, as I see no mention of tackled or not on that page. It talks about the relative positions of the passer and receiver only.
'"


Because of the ambiguity in that definition.

Is it the relative positions of the players when the ball is released, in which case a player can pass the ball forward and the player 'behind on release' may run on to the forward pass. So clearly that cannot be it.

If it is the relative positions of the players on catching the pass, then a player passing a ball backwards who is tackled after release can end up behind the ball they passed when the second player catches. Thus the relative position on catching cannot be used properly (hence my classic example, first video on a well known video sharing website for "Forward Pass" @2.36).

If it is the relative positions of [iwhere the players would have been had each carried on running at the same speed etc[/i** then you may as well ignore the players and work with the velocity that the ball already has, and if it's forward velocity is reduced* by the passing motion. The relative positions of the players could easily be ignored in this interpretation, which is the one I have always understood it as. Hence the requirement to "pass backwards".

EDITS
* Or more accurately not increased.
** This is equivalent to saying the pass is only taken relative to the passer (catcher ignored) and that they have passed behind them (heading relatively backwards at the instant of release, ignoring any other factors after release).

RankPostsTeam
Club Coach1030No
Team
Selected
JoinedServiceReputation
Oct 200420 years
OnlineLast PostLast Page
Dec 2014Nov 2014LINK
Milestone Posts
0
100
Milestone Years
0510 1520 2530
Location
Signature
10153.gif
:10153.gif



The "definition" part of that page is this

All the rest of it, including mention of the receiver, is just illustration. Quite simply, the passer must throw the ball backwards relative to him/herself. Nothing else matters. It really is that simple, and all mention of players speeding up, slowing down or getting tackled or not, is just confusing the issue.

21 posts in 2 pages 
<<   PREV  NEXT   >>
Subscribe | Moderators: Admin, DaveO , Wigan6/Leeds1 Andy , Bilko , Pemps
21 posts in 2 pages 
<<   PREV  NEXT   >>
Subscribe | Moderators: Admin, DaveO , Wigan6/Leeds1 Andy , Bilko , Pemps



All views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the RLFANS.COM or its subsites.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that news stories, articles and images are correct, we cannot be held responsible for errors. However, if you feel any material on this website is copyrighted or incorrect in any way please contact us using the link at the top of the page so we can remove it or negotiate copyright permission.

RLFANS.COM, the owners of this website, is not responsible for the content of its sub-sites or posts, please email the author of this sub-site or post if you feel you find an article offensive or of a choice nature that you disagree with.

Copyright 1999 - 2024 RLFANS.COM

You must be 18+ to gamble, for more information and for help with gambling issues see https://www.begambleaware.org/.



Please Support RLFANS.COM


1.51806640625:5
RLFANS Recent Posts
FORUM
LAST
POST
TOPIC
POSTER
POSTS
24m
BORED The Band Name Game
Boss Hog
61206
25m
Game - Song Titles
Boss Hog
38922
27m
Film game
Boss Hog
1492
32m
Transfer Talk / Rumour thread V4
Faz&Flea
9535
39m
TV Games - Not Hull
Cokey
2368
55m
Prediction Competition Week 21 plus rearranged game
FoxyRhino
32
60m
Kicking Game
Bobby Digita
14
Recent
Jordan Crowther
Redscat
27
Recent
Shopping list for 2025
The games af
3761
Recent
Weve never had it so good
Quirkyuserna
4
FORUM
LAST
VIEW
TOPIC
POSTER
POSTS
1m
Leigh Away
Dave K.
32
2m
Wigan v Sts discussion - THIS THREAD ONLY PLEASE
moto748
2581
2m
Lisa Nandy
moto748
14
3m
Jordan Crowther
Redscat
27
3m
Squads - Warriors v Leopards
Brick with e
9
4m
TV Games - Not Hull
Cokey
2368
5m
Trueman
Marcus's Bic
35
7m
Leigh h pt 2
Zig
46
7m
Kicking Game
Bobby Digita
14
9m
FIELD
Zig
113
FORUM
NEW
TOPICS
TOPIC
POSTER
POSTS
TODAY
Find Sexy Girls from your town for night - Verified Damsels
jackmac452
1
TODAY
Matty Ashurst testimonial cricket match this Sunday
Trin e ti
3
TODAY
First Half Wigan Blitz Overcomes the Leigh Leopards
RLFANS News
1
TODAY
Sheffield Eagles home
Butcher
7
TODAY
Etan Natoli to leave Broncos at seasons end
Deadcowboys1
6
TODAY
The Black and Whites have been loaned Wigan prop for the res
Huddersfield
1
TODAY
Belle Vue attendances
financialtim
2
TODAY
Lisa Nandy
moto748
14
TODAY
New Home for Hull FC
His Bobness
14
TODAY
Ellis Lingard
FIL
7
TODAY
Myler Ellis
Blackandwhit
4
TODAY
WIRE YED Prediction Competition Borough Bonus
Wanderer
15
TODAY
WIRE YED Prediction Competition London Away
The Speculat
11
TODAY
Kicking Game
Bobby Digita
14
TODAY
London Broncos Victorious Over Off-Colour Catalans Dragons
RLFANS News
1
TODAY
Squads - Warriors v Leopards
Brick with e
9
TODAY
Lockie Lam
Yippee try y
21
TODAY
Leigh h pt 2
Zig
46
TODAY
Weve never had it so good
Quirkyuserna
4
TODAY
Leigh Away
Dave K.
32
TODAY
Dual Reg & Loans The Rules Explained
faxcar
8
TODAY
Salford Win the Mid Table Battle Over The Rhinos
RLFANS News
1
NEWS ITEMS
VIEWS
First Half Wigan Blitz Overcom..
269
London Broncos Victorious Over..
559
Salford Win the Mid Table Batt..
589
Saints Back To Winning Ways Wi..
604
Hull KR Top of the League With..
698
Wakefield Trinity Back to Winn..
1097
Catalans Dragons Defeat Hull F..
1010
Salford Move Closer To Play Of..
1145
Warrington Wolves Humiliate Wi..
1044
Bill Arthur Rest In Peace..
860
Rhinos Comfortably Win Scrappy..
1287
Battling Tigers Beat The Drago..
1365
Hull KR Defeat Leeds In Headin..
1449
Twelve Man Warrington Stun Sai..
1534
2024 State of Origin - Game 3 ..
1745
POSTSONLINEREGISTRATIONSRECORD
19.61M 3,157 80,09314,103
LOGIN HERE
or REGISTER for more features!.

When you register you get access to the live match scores, live match chat and you can post in the discussions on the forums.
RLFANS Match Centre
 TOMORROW
     National Rugby League 2024-R23
10:50
Souths
v
Melbourne
     Mens Super League XXVIII-R21
20:00
St.Helens
v
Salford
 Fri 9th Aug
     National Rugby League 2024-R23
09:00
Gold Coast
v
Cronulla
11:00
Parramatta
v
Penrith
     Womens Super League 2024-R11
17:30
LeedsW
v
WiganW
     Mens Super League XXVIII-R21
20:00
Huddersfield
v
Catalans
20:00
Hull KR
v
Castleford
       Championship 2024-R21
20:00
Wakefield
v
Sheffield
 Sat 10th Aug
     National Rugby League 2024-R23
06:00
Canberra
v
Manly
08:30
NQL Cowboys
v
Brisbane
10:35
St.George
v
Canterbury
     Womens Super League 2024-R11
12:00
St.HelensW
v
FeatherstoneW
       League One 2024-R19
13:00
Cornwall
v
Hunslet
     Womens Super League 2024-R11
14:00
BarrowW
v
Wire W
     Mens Super League XXVIII-R21
15:00
Leeds
v
Wigan
       Championship 2024-R21
18:00
Doncaster
v
Toulouse
 Sun 11th Aug
     National Rugby League 2024-R23
05:00
Dolphins
v
NZ Warriors
07:05
Newcastle
v
Wests
     Womens Super League 2024-R11
12:00
York V
v
Hudds W
       League One 2024-R19
14:00
Midlands
v
Workington
ALL SCORES PROVIDED BY RLFANS.COM (SETTINGS)
Matches on TV
Thu 8th Aug
SL
20:00
St.Helens-Salford
Fri 9th Aug
SL
20:00
Huddersfield-Catalans
SL
20:00
Hull KR-Castleford
Sat 10th Aug
SL
15:00
Leeds-Wigan
Sun 11th Aug
SL
15:00
Leigh-Hull FC
SL
15:00
LondonB-Warrington
Sat 17th Aug
SL
19:30
Warrington-Leeds
SL
17:00
Wigan-St.Helens
SL
14:30
Hull FC-LondonB
Sun 18th Aug
SL
13:30
Leigh-Salford
SL
15:00
Catalans-Hull KR
SL
18:30
Huddersfield-Castleford
Fri 23rd Aug
SL
20:00
Castleford-Warrington
SL
20:00
Leeds-Catalans
Sat 24th Aug
SL
15:00
St.Helens-Hull KR
SL
14:00
Salford-Huddersfield
Sun 25th Aug
SL
15:00
LondonB-Leigh
SL
15:00
Wigan-Hull FC
Fri 30th Aug
SL
20:00
Hull KR-Salford
SL
20:00
Leigh-Warrington
Tue 6th Aug
SL 2 Wigan28-6Leigh
Sun 4th Aug
SL 20 LondonB12-10Catalans
WSL2024 10 FeatherstoneW6-68LeedsW
WSL2024 10 BarrowW6-64St.HelensW
WSL2024 10 Wire W0-61York V
WSL2024 10 WiganW70-0Hudds W
L1 18 Keighley72-12Newcastle
L1 18 Oldham32-0Midlands
L1 18 Rochdale46-32Cornwall
L1 18 Workington24-28Crusaders
CH 20 Barrow24-24Bradford
CH 20 Dewsbury16-42Wakefield
CH 20 Featherstone24-16Batley
CH 20 Halifax38-18York
CH 20 Sheffield22-20Doncaster
CH 20 Whitehaven12-24Widnes
NRL 22 Penrith22-14Newcastle
NRL 22 Canterbury22-18Canberra
Sat 3rd Aug
SL 20 Hull FC6-46St.Helens
SL 20 Salford22-16Leeds
This is an inplay table and live positions can change.
Mens Betfred Super League XXVIII ROUND : 1
 PLDFADIFFPTS
Wigan 20 523 264 259 32
Hull KR 20 503 259 244 30
Warrington 20 502 267 235 28
Salford 20 377 382 -5 26
St.Helens 20 501 262 239 24
Catalans 20 376 286 90 24
 
Leeds 20 371 364 7 20
Leigh 20 398 314 84 19
Huddersfield 20 350 453 -103 14
Castleford 20 336 523 -187 13
Hull FC 20 274 612 -338 6
LondonB 20 210 735 -525 4
This is an inplay table and live positions can change.
Betfred Championship 2024 ROUND : 1
 PLDFADIFFPTS
Wakefield 18 626 222 404 34
Sheffield 18 510 303 207 26
Toulouse 17 516 224 292 25
Widnes 18 434 319 115 23
Bradford 18 421 321 100 22
Featherstone 18 464 375 89 18
 
Doncaster 18 338 432 -94 17
York 19 446 383 63 16
Batley 18 300 390 -90 16
Halifax 18 356 477 -121 14
Barrow 17 279 482 -203 13
Swinton 18 346 470 -124 12
Whitehaven 18 348 580 -232 12
Dewsbury 19 240 602 -362 2
RLFANS Recent Posts
FORUM
LAST
POST
TOPIC
POSTER
POSTS
24m
BORED The Band Name Game
Boss Hog
61206
25m
Game - Song Titles
Boss Hog
38922
27m
Film game
Boss Hog
1492
32m
Transfer Talk / Rumour thread V4
Faz&Flea
9535
39m
TV Games - Not Hull
Cokey
2368
55m
Prediction Competition Week 21 plus rearranged game
FoxyRhino
32
60m
Kicking Game
Bobby Digita
14
Recent
Jordan Crowther
Redscat
27
Recent
Shopping list for 2025
The games af
3761
Recent
Weve never had it so good
Quirkyuserna
4
FORUM
LAST
VIEW
TOPIC
POSTER
POSTS
1m
Leigh Away
Dave K.
32
2m
Wigan v Sts discussion - THIS THREAD ONLY PLEASE
moto748
2581
2m
Lisa Nandy
moto748
14
3m
Jordan Crowther
Redscat
27
3m
Squads - Warriors v Leopards
Brick with e
9
4m
TV Games - Not Hull
Cokey
2368
5m
Trueman
Marcus's Bic
35
7m
Leigh h pt 2
Zig
46
7m
Kicking Game
Bobby Digita
14
9m
FIELD
Zig
113
FORUM
NEW
TOPICS
TOPIC
POSTER
POSTS
TODAY
Find Sexy Girls from your town for night - Verified Damsels
jackmac452
1
TODAY
Matty Ashurst testimonial cricket match this Sunday
Trin e ti
3
TODAY
First Half Wigan Blitz Overcomes the Leigh Leopards
RLFANS News
1
TODAY
Sheffield Eagles home
Butcher
7
TODAY
Etan Natoli to leave Broncos at seasons end
Deadcowboys1
6
TODAY
The Black and Whites have been loaned Wigan prop for the res
Huddersfield
1
TODAY
Belle Vue attendances
financialtim
2
TODAY
Lisa Nandy
moto748
14
TODAY
New Home for Hull FC
His Bobness
14
TODAY
Ellis Lingard
FIL
7
TODAY
Myler Ellis
Blackandwhit
4
TODAY
WIRE YED Prediction Competition Borough Bonus
Wanderer
15
TODAY
WIRE YED Prediction Competition London Away
The Speculat
11
TODAY
Kicking Game
Bobby Digita
14
TODAY
London Broncos Victorious Over Off-Colour Catalans Dragons
RLFANS News
1
TODAY
Squads - Warriors v Leopards
Brick with e
9
TODAY
Lockie Lam
Yippee try y
21
TODAY
Leigh h pt 2
Zig
46
TODAY
Weve never had it so good
Quirkyuserna
4
TODAY
Leigh Away
Dave K.
32
TODAY
Dual Reg & Loans The Rules Explained
faxcar
8
TODAY
Salford Win the Mid Table Battle Over The Rhinos
RLFANS News
1
NEWS ITEMS
VIEWS
First Half Wigan Blitz Overcom..
269
London Broncos Victorious Over..
559
Salford Win the Mid Table Batt..
589
Saints Back To Winning Ways Wi..
604
Hull KR Top of the League With..
698
Wakefield Trinity Back to Winn..
1097
Catalans Dragons Defeat Hull F..
1010
Salford Move Closer To Play Of..
1145
Warrington Wolves Humiliate Wi..
1044
Bill Arthur Rest In Peace..
860
Rhinos Comfortably Win Scrappy..
1287
Battling Tigers Beat The Drago..
1365
Hull KR Defeat Leeds In Headin..
1449
Twelve Man Warrington Stun Sai..
1534
2024 State of Origin - Game 3 ..
1745


Visit the RLFANS.COM SHOP
for more merchandise!