Quote: Major Tom "What is the momentum rule? Could you explain it for me please?'"
It's a bad name for a simple concept. There are several ways of thinking aout it.
A pass must go backwards from the passer to the catcher [irelative to the players[/i (who are running forwards), not relative to the pitch.
Think about looking from above down on the play, but ignore the pitch, just look at the players. If the angle from the passer to the catcher is backwards, the pass is OK.
If the passer is 2 metres in front of the catcher both when the ball is passed and when it is caught, and the players are running forward fast enough, then the ball may have gone forward relative to the pitch, but this wouldn't be a forward pass because the ball always went backwards relative to the players.
It's got nothing whatsoever to do with 'momentum' though!