Some good ideas there. This is what we should have after Brexit, innovative ideas being suggested from the public rather than waiting for 'elites' to tell us what to do.

You're right about the UK "only" being responsible for a very small percentage of the planets carbon emissions and you are also right that other larger nations need to take some action, some more than others. However, the point is that EYERONE can and should do their bit.
I do have one real big gripe with Britain claiming to have done more than other nations though.

Having effectively "exported" much of our "dirty" manufacture to China and some of the Asian nations, we are trying to claim that we have cleaned up our act. However, if consuming products that are causing the biggest issues, it doesn't really matter where they have been produced, as the carbon effect will be the same and possibly worse.

Certain politicians will always put their own position above that of the wider population

I fly long haul return every month, sometimes twice, and have done for the past 12 years or so. Mainly China / Asia but also the States and south America. I conference when I can, but as I project lead I really need to be on the ground. I have no problems paying an extra tax, though like many of my colleagues who also fly often, I contribute to carbon offset schemes and conservation schemes. I would hate families who go on holiday once a year to see a price hike because of people like me flying as often as I do. A staggered taxation of frequent flyers taking into account aircraft type, miles covered etc would be pretty fair I think, with a certain number of miles exempt for those that travel only once.

The only way to tax flights "fairly" would be to lift the price accross the board.
I agree that this would be tough on families going on holiday once a year but, apart from offering "family tickets", any other frequent flier tax would most likely be abused, unless a levy could be linked to passports.

Exactly what I would propose. The only way you could make it fairly airtight would be to link it to individuals.